In Zihuatanejo, the inclusion of water is paramount in local architectural design. Reflective and infinity pools are practically a trademark of exclusive resorts and dramatic private residences that are either beachfront or delicately balanced on precipices overlooking the Pacific. Skillfully crafted and illuminated water gardens, pools, ponds and cascades are all a common theme in Mexican coastal design.
Infinity pools

Probably the most recognizable water feature in Zihuatanejo is the infinity swimming pool. This type of pool has a zero or vanishing edge, which creates an illusion of water extending out to the horizon. Dramatically photographed in countless advertisements, journals and coffee table books, the infinity pool remains a highly desired and sought after element of local architectural design.

Infinity pools can be designed as both in ground or stand alone structures. Extensive and costly structural and hydraulic engineering is required to create an infinity pool; generally limiting its construction to upscale resorts and private residences. However, the dramatic visual of an infinity pool spectacularly illuminated at sunset makes the cost of construction pale in comparison.

Alternative to the infinity swimming pool is the dip pool or jacuzzi which produces a similar visual effect but costs much less to design and construct. Dip pools are ideal for homes with limited exterior space and can easily be added to a deck or terrace. They provide the appearance of water, allow for a refreshing dip and don’t require the amount of maintenance as a full sized swimming pool.
Water features

Water can also be used as a calming and meditative tool in landscape architecture. Creating water gardens, reflective pools, ponds, fountains and cascades are just a few ways to evoke relaxation and harmony throughout the home. Here, like in most coast regions where the idea of outdoor living is readily embraced, water features can be a way to bring the outside in and vice versa. Clever illumination and creativity in water feature design and construction is limited only to one’s imagination.
Materials

Overall, architects and designers prefer to use natural materials in their creation of water features. Polished and textured concrete, glass tile, rock, hardened earth and stone are most practical and aesthetically pleasing. Small Venetian tile is probably the most common finish for swimming, dip and jacuzzi pools. Venetian tiles have an iridescent glossy surface which creates an elegant appearance under water. Carved river rock and stone are typically used to create fountains and often used in the creation of salt-water pools. For in ground non-infinity swimming pools, textured concrete may be used as a non-skid surface around the edge of a pool while polished concrete may be used for the pool’s formation.
Illumination

Artistic illumination, either harnessed from natural daylight or produced by artificial lighting plays a key role in a water feature’s conceptual design. The entire form of water can be altered and enhanced by underwater lighting or the use of contrasting natural illumination such as cast sunlight and shadows.
Swimming pool elements

Swimming pools whether infinity or not can contain within them various elements such as stairs, bench seating, stools, etc. depending on their size and overall purpose. Seating areas close to the edge of a pool with an ocean view may be a consideration, especially for those wanting a front row seat at sunset. Carved out cup and umbrella holders, heating and jacuzzi jets are also useful details to include in pool design. It’s best to carefully plan out the design and installation of your pool as it will be difficult and costly to make changes or modifications later on.
Maintenance

Any and all water features require some degree of ongoing maintenance. Larger swimming pools, especially infinity pools require constant maintenance. Their hydraulic systems are more complex and must be handled and maintained by professionals who are well versed in proper care and servicing. Pool filters, vacuums and pumps must be cleaned regularly, as well as adding the proper mixture of chemicals to keep the water clean and aerated. Even small water features require regular attention. As this area is prone to both wet and dry seasons, both abundant rains and lack thereof can affect the functionality of a water filtration system. If a pool or fountain is left unchecked, filters and pumps can become damaged or clogged with debris. Employing professional technicians is imperative for keeping your pool, fountain or otherwise in tip-top shape.
Salt pools

Salt water pools can be a more eco-friendly alternative to the traditional chlorine treated swimming pools. Chlorine is produced through electrolysis by a chlorine generator, rather than having to treat the water with harsh chlorinated chemicals. Salt water is also softer on the skin and less of an eye irritant. It also tends to feel more refreshing than chemically treated pool water. From an economic standpoint, it can be less costly to own a salt water pool as the chlorine is produced by the salt itself rather than having to buy additional chemicals. Though salt water pools require less ongoing maintenance they are still not totally maintenance free.

Home appliances are no longer bulky hunks of metal and plastic; these days it’s quite easy to find stylish models for both budget and chic-minded consumers alike. Most well-recognized brands in the United States are also available here in Mexico, though their product offerings are slightly more limited. Eco-minded consumers will also note an improvement in the energy efficiency ratings of most household appliances, optimizing utility costs over time. Here we outline some things to consider when shopping for home appliances.
Traditional free-standing or built-in/under appliances

Appliances are not the ugly giants of the past. Their designs have been updated and streamlined to fit the needs and individual styles of their consumers. Traditional free standing appliances now come in various colors and finishes and are less bulky and more space efficient than their predecessors. Free standing or stand alone units are independent of any kitchen component and can be placed anywhere practical. When considering the kitchen floor plan and design, it’s important to factor in your free standing appliances to ensure optimal placement and functionality.

Custom or built-in/under appliances are an interesting option for those who are looking for a clean, uniform appearance. Built-in units tend to be slimmer and shorter and are concealed either under or behind a matching kitchen door, cabinet or counter top. The advantage of using built-in appliances is the ability to create a seamless kitchen design. The main drawback to built-ins is their cost; they tend to be significantly more expensive as fewer are produced. If you are considering built-ins, it’s important that your architect/designer and builder are all well versed in proper installation of these units as they require precise specifications for proper air flow and ventilation. If not, there may be damage to both the appliance and the kitchen component in which it’s housed.

Gas burning or electrical appliances

Electricity is a limited and expensive resource in Mexico. Rates are regulated by the government through CFE (the national utility company) and fluctuate considerably depending on the time of year and overall energy demand. Energy costs increase during the summer and at the year’s end. During summer months, energy costs are driven up by the higher demand for A/C and at year-end to cover CFE’s equipment and maintenance fees, along with a nationally mandated yearly bonus which is given to all CFE employees. CFE’s aging infrastructure is in need of a serious overhaul; frequent power outages, surges and brownouts are a common occurrence here in Zihuatanejo. Therefore, it’s important to buy energy efficient and consider gas-burning appliances whenever possible.

An alternative to electrical is LPG gas, a more economic choice. Most homes and condo complexes have a 300 liter or larger stationary gas tank, which is filled as necessary. LPG gas in Zihuatanejo is rated at $5.53 pesos per liter, and depending on usage, a 300 liter tank may last up to several months. Although electrical appliances may use energy more efficiently, they may over time cost more in Mexico than in the United States. Those appliances with electronic or computer automated features are more susceptible to corrosion, short- circuits and deprogramming due to the high humidity and salt content of our local environs. Although the normal cycle in Mexico is 60Hz/ second, unreliable service by CFE may cause undue wear and tear on electrical appliances.

Opt for appliances from reputable manufacturers; GE, Whirlpool, Maytag and LG are all well recognized brands with reliable local service technicians. Most all of these brands can be sourced at home stores such as Sears and Liverpool. Higher end models such as GE Monogram series are normally special order items. The retail price of these products is generally twice that of their U.S. equivalent and lead times for special orders can be lengthy. Higher end models are also more difficult to service locally and find replacement parts for when and if the occasion arises.

Imported or nationally manufactured appliances

Considering the variety of built-in and stand alone appliances available in Mexico, it makes sense to buy these products here. Aside from supporting the national economy, there is a major advantage to buying in Mexico when it comes to warranty and servicing. All brand names mentioned in this article have a local office and provide general service, maintenance and part replacement. They also honor product warranties. Imported appliances, especially high end American or European products will be harder if not impossible to service here in Zihuatanejo; eventually leaving you with a very nice looking but ultimately useless piece of equipment.

Bottom line is when shopping for your home appliances; consider these factors as part of your overall decision making process. The best home appliances are well-designed, reliable and will require only minimal ongoing maintenance. They are the workhorses of your household and choosing them with the appropriate due diligence is time and money well spent.

While most of us lean towards buying ready-made furnishings from our local Pottery Barn or Restoration Hardware, here we are limited in our store-bought options. However, you can have just about anything built to fit and probably at a fraction of what these similar pieces would cost you in a fancy home decorating store. Of course, it helps to have a bit of imagination and the ability to visualize the piece, its design and materials and more importantly where and how it will fit in with your décor.

The best way to begin conjuring up your new table, bed frame, entertainment center, cabinetry, etc. is to start looking through decorating magazines, catalogs and on even the internet as a source of inspiration. Start out with some basic ideas of style, design and materials. Photocopy or tag pages from home decorating magazines and interior design books so you have an idea of your aesthetic and can decide what material to use.

Once you have a more concrete idea, a simple room layout or sketch will suffice; be sure to take accurate measurements so you know how much space you have to work with. You can fill the room with representations of each piece of furnishing; it doesn’t have to be too detailed, just to give you an idea of how your furniture will fit together and get you closer to the ideal size and location of each piece. You can either work independently or with a home decorating professional in order to come up with a plan that fits your style and interior space.

Using your room basic layout, you can start to think about materials for each piece; wood, bamboo, upholstered, rattan, wicker, iron, leather, glass, stone … the list goes only as far as your imagination and decorating aesthetic. You can choose to furnish in sets or bring together signature pieces that create an eclectic funky mix. In other words, you can get creative when the pieces are made to order. Modern, contemporary, rustic, colonial or coastal there are craftsman who can create a look that represents your individual style and taste. Once you’ve decided on materials and have a basic sketch and design, the next step is to find a skilled artisan that can craft your ideas into reality.

When it comes to finding talented artisans and quality crafted furnishings, several regions of Mexico stand out among the crowd. Among them, Guanajuato, Guadalajara and Michoacán, all of which are easily accessed by car or bus and can be visited on either day or weekend trips. Each region offers a slightly different style of handcrafted artistry and materials to choose from. In larger towns and cities there are typically a plethora of shops, boutiques and galleries that showcase their custom built furnishings. Most work directly with private clients or their decorators to create unique heirloom pieces or furnish an entire home. You will find that styles and cost vary, depending on the artist’s recognition (both nationally and in some cases abroad), experience, materials, etc. It’s best to shop around extensively before deciding on with whom to work with. Also, whoever it is should share a similar vision or work in a similar style to what you are looking for. Otherwise, it can be difficult if the craftsman has other ideas or styles in mind.

If you are looking for custom but built closer to home, Zihuatanejo and its surrounds are home to a wealth of small independent craftsman, whose humble workshops may not rival those of San Miguel or Tlaquepaque; however you can certainly find several diamonds in the rough if you know where to look. Above all, you must have a bit of patience with any custom built piece, whether constructed here or elsewhere. Hand crafted furniture making is an unhurried process that no matter the material cannot be built as quickly or accurately as machine-fabricated products. However, hand crafted pieces are typically of higher quality and as each is a unique creation, its imperfections often become part of its charm.

A few things to consider before building custom. Take accurate measurements! There’s nothing more disheartening than bringing home a beautiful new piece of furniture only to find that it’s too big or too small for the space. Also make sure to measure hallways or staircases where the piece will have to fit through in order to arrive at your front door. Know that no one can be expected to get inside your head. The closer you can get to a detailed drawing and design, the more akin your finished piece will be made. Even so, each person’s interpretation of the same drawing will be slightly different and the piece may not come out exactly the way you envision. Allow some room for creative interpretation; it will spare you frustrations and in the end you will have a beautifully furnished home that can’t be bought in any store.

Flooring may be the last thing you think of when it comes to building a home, but it’s usually the first thing to make an impression upon entering your home. The first step towards a beautifully finished interior is deciding on a floor that is both appropriate for your budget and fits with your interior décor.
The material, color and texture of your flooring will help bring together other elements of your interior, creating a living space that is always a pleasure to come home to. The best floor finishing options are ones that will both stand the test of time and reflect the beauty of Zihuatanejo and our natural surroundings.
Marble
Mexico is a veritable cornucopia when it comes to marble and travertine stone. The material itself comes in a nice variety of warm colors that blend marvelously well in our coastal environs. In addition to its elegance and durability, stone flooring reflects heat, acting as a natural coolant in our tropical climate. Marble and stone can be installed as slabs or tiles, custom cut to flooring specifications. Each marble tile is bonded together by a very thin mortar, which gives the flooring a nice uniform look.

Marble and stone flooring and be finished in many different ways, including sand blasted, honed, brushed, polished, etc. The different finishes produce either a smoother or more roughly textured surface, which can then be sealed in high gloss, semi-gloss or matte, depending on the interior look you want to achieve. Characteristically a porous and fine material, marble is susceptible to stains and marks especially from any kind of acid based liquid or cleaning product. Raw marble tiles will also start to wear away over time and with daily foot-traffic. However, properly sealed, marble and stone flooring can be very durable, stain resistant and lasting, making for very easy ongoing cleaning and maintenance.

Tile
Tile making is a long-standing tradition in Mexico with its history rooted in a rich mixture of Spanish, Moroccan and Asian design influence. There are many different styles of hand-crafted Mexican tile and many different regions where tile is manufactured. Terracotta or “baked earth” tiles are what is commonly seen in homes throughout Mexico, Spain and the Mediterranean. Typically known as Saltillo tile, this rich, earthy textile imparts a warm rustic look that no other material can match. Each hand-made tile varies slightly in color and shape, giving it a unique character and appeal. These natural variations also make terracotta tiles more labor intensive to install, however there is no limit to the imagination when it comes to intricate floor designs and inlays.

Talavera tiles are typically smaller, glazed and more ornate tiles made of ceramic, which are seen in the backsplashes of most traditional Mexican kitchens. However, they can also be used in flooring as border details or decorative inlays and there is a plethora of multi-colored patterns and designs to choose from. Unlike marble however, clay tiles are somewhat less durable and over time are more susceptible to cracks and upheaval from water and humidity. As with most any other flooring, sealant should be applied to both the tiles and grout to properly protect the flooring against everyday ware and tear.

Concrete
While most of us may be used to the idea of poured concrete for driveways, patios and walkways, concrete is another readily available material ideal for interior flooring. Concrete is one of the few materials that can be customized in just about every aspect, giving you unlimited range in color, shape, thickness and texture.
Concrete can be laid as smooth polished slabs, textured tiles or in any array of architecture designs. Once installed, concrete requires minimal ongoing maintenance and is generally an easy to clean surface. Properly mixed, poured and sealed concrete flooring can last for years and experience minimal cracking or erosion.

Hardwood
There is probably nothing that has quite the signature beauty of a hardwood floor. Here in the tropics, while an uncommon site, hardwood can be a lasting and durable flooring option. When shopping for hardwood flooring, it’s important to choose above grade materials, as floorboards grade or below have a tendency to bow and buckle due from the high moisture levels here.

Laminate flooring materials that look like hardwood should be avoided as they are not made to withstand moisture and humidity of the tropics. Make sure to choose a professional installer who has plenty of experience with local installations as there are different factors to consider when living this close to the coast.

Bamboo
If you are looking for an eco-friendly alternative to hardwood flooring, then consider bamboo. Bamboo is both versatile and easily harvested and replenished in just about anywhere in the world. Bamboo does not shrink and swell like hardwoods, making it a very stable flooring material. It’s also denser than your average hardwood, making it more resistant to the everyday ware.

Bamboo flooring is typically structured using strands of bamboo that have been compressed and bonded together. The finished look can either simulate that of traditional hardwood or for a wilder, exotic and tropical look there are mixed strand options that combine bamboo of different shades and color.

Baseboard and Detailing
Depending on what type of flooring you opt for, you may also consider adding a baseboard and/or kick plates to certain areas of your interior. Smooth and colored river pebbles are often used as a baseboard along the edges of marble or concrete flooring. They can also serve to add decorative detailing and floor medallions that may delineate living or dining spaces and serve as non-slip flooring in showers and baths. It’s important to choose stones that will be easy on the feet if you plan to use these materials anywhere you are not likely to be using footwear.

Small marble tiles are also commonly used to form a baseboard, providing a cleaner and more modern look. You may also consider using marble tiles for kick plates under kitchen and bath counters as they are more scuff resistant, especially if you have pasta finishes for your interior wall covering. These are typically high-traffic areas that often get overlooked when adding a baseboard to your interior décor.

Maintenance
It’s important to remember that whatever flooring you decide on, the best way to keep it looking good is by applying a quality sealant and when cleaning or mopping, avoiding harsh chemical or acid-based cleaning products whenever possible. If your flooring becomes dull over time, you can always use a fine-grit abrasive to remove the existing sealant and lightly re-polish for best results.

Foundation & Framing
The first of your ground-breaking work will be concentrated on the construction of the foundation, which, once completed will serve as the basic footprint, defining the layout of your new home or condo.

Basic electrical and plumbing installations are laid throughout & the skeleton of your home is constructed, taking shape as walls, arches, entryways, ceiling, stairs and any structural elements. Your home’s framing is also laid, deriving much of its stability and strength from the very fact that it rests upon a properly-installed foundation.

Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing
Mechanical “roughs”; electrical wiring, plumbing, home cooling system, cable & telephone installations are completed. Pipes and wires are still exposed, as there are a few more stages before the interior is complete.

It’s important during this phase to check and double check the work being done because once the walls are sealed, these installations become much more difficult and expensive to access. An engineer should also be onsite to inspect all of the installation work.

Insulation & Sheetrock
As homes in this region of Mexico are rarely treated with insulation, the next step towards a finished interior is the application of drywall/sheetrock, which serves as interior walls & ceiling material.

Once applied, your interior will begin to take on more of a finished form, allowing you to envision the layout of each room and if you haven’t already, begin to think about furnishings and decor. Here is also where you can test color samples & textures and play around with different wall coverings.

Exterior & Landscaping
Exterior finishes such as roofing and facade, along with any trim or coverings (palapa, pergola, overhang, etc) are nearing, completion. Decks, terraces, walkways, fountains and other external elements are underway. If you are building a pool, this is likely when the process will begin. Landscaping elements such as trees, flowering bushes and grass are added.

Interior Finishes
In this phase, all the final details are taken care of, including installation and testing of electrical, mechanical and plumbing systems and the installation of doors, windows, floor coverings, countertops, cabinets, tiles, appliances, mirrors, lights, faucets and fixtures.

This is probably the most exciting and involved portion of the construction process, as your home is finally ready for the finishing touches. This is the perfect opportunity to get involved with an experienced professional who can help you furnish and decorate according to your taste, budget and lifestyle.

Sealing
Gaps are sealed from the inside out and a layer of waterproofing is applied to the exterior. This will prevent leaks and will also protect your home from humidity and heavy rains during the wet season.

Cleanup & Walkthrough
Any remaining construction materials and rubbish are removed and the area is cleaned and ready for inspection. It is recommended that you perform a walk-through inspection of your home with your architect/builder to allow time to fix any problems you find.

During the the walk-through you will have a chance to ask questions about the mechanical systems and appliances. At this time, minor repairs, such as paint touch-ups can be requested. Be sure to do a follow-up after repairs or fixes have been made to confirm that everything is as you want it.

Warranty Period
This period can vary, but generally extends a year or more after the closing. The warranty should specifically reference what kind of problems the builder is responsible for and the builder should let you know what to look out for during the warranty period.

Now that you have an idea of what to expect from the construction process, here are a few things to keep in mind;

• You will be asked to make decisions early in the construction process. This is because time is needed to order and receive materials and also because some units are too large to install in the later stages of construction.

• Each stage of the construction process has an approximate duration that builders strive to meet. However, a number of factors outside of the builder’s control, such as adverse weather conditions and availability of labor and materials, can extend these durations.

• Keep in touch with your builder or construction manager, ask questions early and stay informed about the status of your building project.

The burning question is … what happens now?

Well, if you’ve already decided on an architect then half of the battle is already won. Assuming you are ready to move forward, here is a basic overview of what you can expect over the course of your home building project.

Like any project, the construction of a home, whether in Los Angeles, California or Zihuatanejo, Mexico, follows a basic set of steps.

Although materials and methods may vary, understanding the general construction process can help you wrap your arms around what may seem like a very daunting project, especially if you are building here and living elsewhere.

It’s important that before moving forward with any building project, you feel comfortable with the team of professionals who will be carrying out the work. This means that you and your architect, builder and/or construction manager are all on the same page (and hopefully speaking the same language).

Pre-Construction
During this time you will be meeting, likely more than a few times, with your architect & project staff and reviewing plans, designs, materials, cost and honing the finite details. Once the plans and budget have been agreed upon and approved by you (the client), it’s time to put a project schedule together.

If your architect or builder isn’t able to deliver a project timeline it’s best to bring in a construction manager who can pull all of the ends together and focus on keeping the construction and delivery phase on-track.

Typically, in the pre-construction phase, a service agreement is signed between you and your architect, builder, construction manager and/or other project staff. This is generally a widely accepted formality and you won’t be considered rude or insulting in requesting one if your architect doesn’t automatically provide it.

However, you may find that certain well sought-after local architects will not sign a contract, something that you as a client (should you choose to move forward) will have to be 100% comfortable with. If the choice is made to work with this person, they should have such an excellent reputation and client satisfaction rate that there would be absolutely no doubt that your project will be delivered as promised. Enough said.

Budget Estimates
Creating a budget estimate or financial plan for your home design/building project is not always an easy task. Before building you should already have some idea of how much you intend to spend on your overall home building project. Your budget estimate will be made up of several factors, including your home design, floor plans and construction costs.

Home design and drafting costs will vary greatly depending on the intricacy or simplicity of the project, square footage and also the individual design & drafting fees of your architect or builder.

Construction costs also vary greatly and depend heavily on your home design & floorplans. The majority of your construction costs will come from the brick & mortar (materials, labor, equipment, etc) but also fixed costs are factored in such as construction permits, licenses, insurance, etc.

A budget estimate should include an itemized account of the basic construction materials (concrete, rebar, conduit, plumbing, etc) as well as your interior & exterior finishes. In order for this part of the budget estimate to be completed you will need to make some decisions as to the quality of your finishes. Finishes include flooring, facades, countertops, illumination, wall coverings, fixtures, tiling, etc. and in most cases will also include major home appliances.

It’s important to make decisions on finishing materials early on as there are often extended wait times for purchase and delivery of these products. As most finishing materials are purchased outside of Zihuatanejo and undergo a laborious process in order to arrive ready to install, it’s important that their wait-time be factored into the overall construction timeline.

Here also is where your costs can exceed your initial planning. If you are looking for what is considered “luxury” finishes such as marble flooring, granite countertops, stucco facades, brass fixtures, then you may consider downscaling size wise to adjust your overall construction costs. However, if it’s space you’re after then you may have to settle for less costly finishes in order to adhere to your construction budget.

Remember, you will also need to figure major home appliances into your budget. National name brand manufacturers have several different lines to choose from, however keep in mind that their models are generally one step behind their foreign counterparts even though the cost may be the same or often higher. Negotiation and attention to detail is key in drawing up a budget that works for both your economic and construction needs.

Paperwork Processing
Once you have approved your budget and home design and made the first payment (which is typically 20-30% of the overall cost) the architect or builder will begin all of the necessary paperwork to move forward with the groundbreaking work. This includes construction permits, insurance, environmental impact reports and so on and is often a lengthy process. The timeframe for each project can vary but generally expect several months of paper pushing before the actual construction work can begin.

Siting
One of the principal aspects of sustainable construction is referred to as siting, or “site maximization”. This concept pertains to any and all natural features that exist at the site where the building construction will take place. The idea of siting is to retain as much of the natural landscape as possible and capitalize on existing natural elements such as sunlight, airflow, terrain, etc. in order to maximize the building’s eco-efficiency. Designing a building that co-exists with its natural habitat not only provides a healthier atmosphere for the buildings inhabitants, but also reduces the buildings energy and resource consumption over time.

Energy Efficiency
A building’s energy efficiency and performance can be dramatically improved through the use of passive solar design strategies, high-efficiency lighting systems and alternate or renewable energy sources.

Passive solar design uses the sun’s energy for heating and cooling of living spaces. This approach takes advantage of natural energy characteristics created by exposure to the sun and uses these characteristics to determine building shape and orientation. Passive systems are simple and designed to cool buildings without mechanical assistance.

Common elements found in passive home cooling design are ventilation, operable windows, thermal mass and thermal chimneys. Appropriate ventilation and window placement assist with air flow, while properly insulated thermal mass reduces heat gain from the sun and thermal chimneys use convective currents to draw hot air out. The most effective passive home cooling designs are based on specific understanding of a building site’s elemental factors such as wind patterns, terrain, vegetation and solar exposure. Employing passive design can produce buildings with low energy costs, reduced maintenance, and superior comfort.

High-efficiency lighting systems with advanced lighting controls, motion sensors and dimmers can greatly reduce the energy output needed for proper indoor illumination. Other energy-efficient strategies include maximizing light colors for roofing and exterior finish materials, proper wall and ceiling insulation, and minimal glass use on east and west exposures.

Alternate renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics (solar energy that is converted into direct current electricity) are now being used to replace conventional building materials and its applications can be found in everything from roofing and façade to general home appliances.

Materials
Sustainable building materials are evaluated based on characteristics such as their reused and recycled content, durability, efficiency, longevity and zero or low harmful emissions. Recycled-content materials are available to replace just about every traditional building material. Though sustainable products may represent a higher upfront cost than their traditional counterpart, they can drastically improve energy efficiency, leading to bigger cost savings over time. Another material efficient strategy is dimensional planning, conforming room design to standard-sized building materials; reducing the amount of construction by-product when materials are cut. Closely managing the handling of materials throughout the demolition, construction & clean-up phase will also ensure minimum waste and maximum utilization.

Water Efficiency
A building’s water efficiency can be drastically improved by installing low-flush toilets, low-flow shower heads and other water conserving fixtures. Additionally, dual plumbing and rainwater harvesting systems can greatly reduce a building’s wastewater. Dual plumbing systems recycle the “gray” or washwater that is all wastewater that has been used in the home (except toilet wastes) and bits of compost derived from garbage disposals as means for landscape irrigation.

Rainwater harvesting systems can be as simple or sophisticated as needed. A simple system is comprised of basically anything that can hold water and is typically placed under rainwater runoff. Harvested rainwater is mainly used for irrigation as environmental pollutants can affect the rainwater’s potable quality. However, a UV or ozone filtered pump-run system can connect a rainwater collection tank to the building’s plumbing as a backup water source.

Benefits
Besides being beneficial for the environment, sustainable construction can significantly improve the overall living quality for a building’s inhabitants. Utilizing recycled-content products with zero or low emissions can improve indoor air quality and reduce the rate of respiratory illnesses, allergies & asthma. Adequate ventilation systems and natural interior illumination also have a positive impact on the health and well being of the building’s occupants. Green buildings generally require less ongoing maintenance as there are reduced mechanical systems to maintain. Additionally, energy and water efficient buildings commonly yield significant cost savings in their annual utility bills when compared to their traditionally constructed counterparts.

Further Information
When considering building green, it’s important to find a builder or architect who is well versed in the design strategies and materials needed to properly execute a green building project. Although this type of construction is relatively new in Mexico, it is possible to search for building professionals through major architectural schools or universities with a large architectural department. There also may be information about sustainable construction materials and suppliers through SEMARNAT, which is the Secretary of the Environment & Natural Resources.

Caoba is a hardwood tree which exists in the South American tropics and is known for its fine and exotic beauty. It has been used locally as a building source and was and continues to be used for ship building due to its resistance to the humidity. Caoba tends to have a redish, rosey, salmon or honeyed finish when it is freshly cut and turns slightly darker once it’s been dried. Caoba is an exceptionally easy wood to work, either by hand or machine. You can still find many artesans who hand make furniture and decorative masks from caoba wood. Its durability and stability make it highly desirable for creating intricate designs for furniture and décor. Its natural resistance to parasites & high humidity allow for a long lifetime in our coastal conditions. For its unique characteristics, Caoba wood continues to be commercialized both in Mexico and internationally.

Parota is also a common hardwood used for furniture production and general finished carpentry. The parota is especially poisonous to parasites such as termites and other wood-eating pests, making it highly desirable for the bug-infested tropics. The parota trees typically have a massive girth, making it possible to mill the trunks for use as structural elements in a deck, terrace or pergola. Similar to caoba, parota wood is highly resistant to humidity. However, unlike the caoba wood, parota creates an irritating and toxic dust when milled or power sanded and is therefore considered difficult to work with. The color of parota is generally a much darker and richer coffee color than caoba, but often you will see lighter honey colored swirls or strips intertwined within dark sections of the wood.

Bocote which has a similar rigidity to teak wood is highly desired for fine furniture making, moldings and decorative door knobs and is also used on some boats interiors in lieux of teak. It is commonly used by wood artesan for a variety of finished products and is also used for flooring and veneer. Generally a darker and oily tropical wood, it’s highly prized for its dramatic, wild grain striping. These dark brown or black streaks, which sometimes form in concentric circles, give Bocote its defining look and lend finished products a truly distinctive appearance.

Palma de coco or palmwood is another type of local hardwood that is commonly used for beams and flooring, though the finished look doesn’t share the same kind of luster or beauty as caoba or parota. It is possible to add a sealant or varnish in order to add luster to the wood, however if not up kept regularly will return to its naturally dry state. Palmwood is also resistant to parasites and its thick knotty bark is often used as a decorative finish. It’s also a very dense wood and can be used as sectional or cross beams for roofing or as structural elements in building. Though not as striking as other hardwoods, it is a more economical option and found in abundance locally.

Tornillo de Peru is another beautiful tropical hardwood, imported from South America that has recently become available in the local market. Tornillo de Peru shares some visual characteristics with maple, having uniform lighter honey-gold tones and grain striations. Its finished look is more oily than matte and can be worked into cabinetry, doors, furniture and décor. Highly resistant to parasites and humidity it is another hardwood that is ideally suited to the tropics. However, as this type of hardwood has only recently been introduced locally it is often difficult to find and can subsequently be more costly.

Most hardwoods will retain their beauty over time if they are given a bit of regular maintenance every 8-10 or 10-12 months. This can be done with a wood sealant such as CWF, which comes in different stains to match with the wood’s natural tones or a transparent sealant is also just as effective. If you are using palma de coco beams for a deck or exterior pergola or roofing, make sure that the beams are thoroughly dried out before applying a sealant. Otherwise moisture can get trapped inside and create pockets of humidity that will slowly rot the beams interior. This simple maintenance will keep your hardwood looking lustrous and protected year round.

In order to turn your property into a rental, the first thing you will need to do is solicit permission to work from Mexico’s office of immigration and register your business with the Mexican tax authority (SAT, Secretaria de Administracion Tributaria). Here we provide a basic overview of the steps involved with converting your property into a rental. For more detailed information, it is recommended that you consult a local attorney or accountant.

Obtaining a rental permit
The office of immigration requires any foreign property owner who wishes to rent their home or condominium, to obtain a Mexican work visa. This work visa is called a Formato Migratorio (FM-3) and it allows them to work or perform profitable activities such as receiving money in exchange for renting out their home or condo. Some people might scoff, but the INM (Office of Immigration) has been known to peruse online rental listings as a way to monitor expatriates who may be renting their homes without proper authorization. Therefore, it’s crucial to comply with local regulations and get permission to perform business activities before starting a business, so as not to embark on costly and undesirable litigation with the Mexican immigration department. This can take as little as a few weeks or as long as several months.

Registering with the tax authorities
Once the FM3 permit is processed and approved you will then need to register with the Mexican tax authorities and obtain a Registro Federal de Contribuyentes Number, (RFC number), which is basically the equivalent of a Taxpayer ID Number. This unique RFC# should be printed, along with the registered rental business address, on a series of “facturas” which are official receipts that can be used to keep track of your rental income. Each time a rental income is generated, a factura should also be generated representing the income plus 15% IVA (Value Added Tax). These facturas are used to declare your income to SAT, for which you will need to contract a Mexican accountant who can also assist you with setting up and managing the accounting side of your rental business.

Rental Management, Administration
In order to keep your rental unit booked with guests you will need to have several things in place, namely the local administration of your unit. Your local administrator will be responsible for contracting a house keeping staff for daily ongoing maintenance of your rental. Once a guest is scheduled to arrive, the administrator can arrange for ground transportation, greet guests at the property & deliver keys, handle any renter issues should they arise and then once the guest has departed, ensure that the property has been left in good condition for the return of the rental deposit and is then taken care of to receive the next renters.

Promoting your business is also an important factor. Vacation rental websites such as vrbo.com are useful promotion tools. It’s also important to maintain an updated rental calendar so your guests know what dates the rental is available. Clear and consistent ongoing communication with renters is also a vital factor. For travelers new to Zihuatanejo or to travel in Mexico, it’s beneficial to have a local administrator who can greet your guests, provide them with area information and serve as a local backup in case any issues arrive during their stay. It’s this personal touch that often makes the difference for new, repeat and referral business.

If you will not be here locally to attend to the needs of your renter, hiring a professional management service will go a long way towards ensuring a high quality experience for your renters and higher income for you.

Home Owners Association Rules
If your vacation rental is located within a complex it’s important to check beforehand with the administration to make sure you are up to date on all of the rental rules and regulations. Many developments have regulations about the length of stay for a rental, number of people per unit, minimum renter age, etc. It’s also important that your renters understand and comply with these policies as well. A rental contract should also be considered which spells out all the terms and conditions of the rental. The best policy is to keep your renter informed so they can just relax and enjoy their stay.

Though owning a vacation rental may seem like a daunting proposition, if done correctly can provide you with a substantial year-round income and can over time, pay for the property itself. If you want the benefit without the hassles, you may want to consult a professional property management firm to assist you with the setup. Here we’ve outlined the basics towards turning your dream home into a sustainable business, but in rentals like any other competitive arena, the rest is up to you!

There are many different types of window treatments that you can choose from, but the main styles are either roman or rollable.

Roman shades are usually lifted and lowered by a single cord and the material collects in several folds as the blinds are lifted. Roman shades can be made of a variety of materials, even wood for example. A lighter fabric such as a cotton or linen blend can be used to create a romantic breezy feel for a bedroom or cozy nook. The use of bamboo or thin wooden “slats” with the roman style is also very common.

Rollable shades are lifted and lowered in a similar fashion to roman shades, although they are connected as one single shade and roll up around a main rod as they are lifted. These types of shades are more practical for a living area or exterior as they roll up completely out of sight. This is especially important when considering this type of shade for an area where it will not obstruct the view. It is common with these types of rollable blinds to install an attractive gallery or cornice that conceals the rod beneath. Some types of materials for rollable shades can diffuse or block light completely.

Natural Materials
Using natural materials such as bamboo or wood with either roman or rollable blinds can bring a touch of the tropics while still maintaining a refined overall look. Bamboo is ideal for interior spaces as it is susceptible to deterioration if left out where the material can get wet. Although we often think of wood as a heavier material it is commonly used for rollable or roman blinds or as louvers on windows and doors. The addition of wooden louvers to doors and windows can be a practical option for privacy and decoration. The louvers can either be fixed or movable so that in the case of air conditioning, a space can be properly sealed off from the outside heat and humidity. It also reduces the need to install a separate blind and makes for a much cleaner look.

Fabrics
Most blind & shade fabrics can be found in an array of different colors, patterns, textures & weight. Choosing the best fabric style depends heavily on the décor and overall brightness of each living space. Lighter weight fabrics and colors can illuminate a room that receives relatively low light throughout the day while a heavier fabric & color can help to diffuse and soften a space that spends most of the day in direct sunlight. The right fabric can help you save on illumination and cooling costs so it’s important to do some planning before purchase.

Exterior Spaces
For exterior spaces that are exposed to the sun a tougher woven fabric or solar screen, commonly referred to as a “blackout” screen is recommended. Heavier duty fabrics such as Sunbrella or Phifer are better for the exterior as they are longer lasting and more resistant to the external elements. For an exterior space where there is ocean view, a semi see-through woven fabric is best for shading, climate control and privacy. These see-through screens typically allow for an unobstructed view looking out but looking in they are blocked for privacy. In addition to reducing the suns heat and glare, the screens (depending on their size) also serve as insect repellents.

Motorized Systems
Another factor to consider when installing blinds and solar screens is whether you want them to be motorized or not. Depending on the size and weight of the shade material, a motorized system may be the best option for ease of use. Most motorized systems come with a separate remote control which allows you to raise and lower the shades with ease. The systems can also be programmed to lift and lower at certain times of the day when the sun is at its strongest point, saving you money on home cooling costs. If you are installing in an area that is close to the ocean, make sure you purchase a system that is corrosion-resistant. Also, with a motorized system it’s important to plan ahead so that when it’s time for installation, there’s an electrical outlet or wiring within reach.